LIBRARY - KV STEELPLANT

Sports and Games Encyclopedia

⚽ Football (Soccer)

Brief History: Originated in England in the 19th century.

Started: 1863 (England).

How to Play: Two teams aim to score goals using their feet.

No. of Players: 11 per team.

Dimensions: 100–110m x 64–75m.

Required Items: Ball, boots, shin guards, goalpost.

Key Players: Messi, Ronaldo, Pelé.

🏏 Cricket

Brief History: Originated in England in the 16th century.

Started: 1877 (First Test Match).

How to Play: Batting side scores runs; fielding side tries to dismiss them.

No. of Players: 11 per team.

Dimensions: 22-yard pitch; ground varies ~135m diameter.

Required Items: Bat, ball, stumps, pads, gloves.

Key Players: Sachin Tendulkar, Virat Kohli, MS Dhoni.

🏸 Badminton

Brief History: Derived from “Poona” game in India; formalized in England.

Started: 1873 (Badminton House, England).

How to Play: Hit shuttlecock over net to opponent’s court.

No. of Players: 1 or 2 per side.

Dimensions: 13.4m x 5.18m (singles), 6.1m (doubles).

Required Items: Rackets, shuttlecock, net.

Key Players: P.V. Sindhu, Lin Dan, Saina Nehwal.

🏀 Basketball

Brief History: Invented by James Naismith in 1891 (USA).

Started: 1891.

How to Play: Teams score by throwing ball into opponent's hoop.

No. of Players: 5 per team.

Dimensions: 28m x 15m court.

Required Items: Basketball, hoop, jerseys.

Key Players: Michael Jordan, LeBron James, Kobe Bryant.

🎾 Tennis

Brief History: Modern tennis began in 19th century Britain.

Started: 1877 (Wimbledon).

How to Play: Hit ball over net within court boundaries.

No. of Players: Singles or doubles.

Dimensions: 23.77m x 8.23m (singles), 10.97m (doubles).

Required Items: Tennis racket, ball, net.

Key Players: Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Serena Williams.

🏐 Volleyball

Brief History: Invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan (USA).

Started: 1895.

How to Play: Hit ball over net without letting it touch ground.

No. of Players: 6 per team.

Dimensions: 18m x 9m court.

Required Items: Volleyball, net, court.

Key Players: Karch Kiraly, Giba, Jimmy George.

🏓 Table Tennis

Brief History: Originated in England as indoor tennis in 1880s.

Started: 1926 (official ITTF formation).

How to Play: Hit ball over net on table using paddles.

No. of Players: Singles or doubles.

Dimensions: 2.74m x 1.525m table.

Required Items: Paddle, ball, table, net.

Key Players: Ma Long, Manika Batra, Ding Ning.

♟️ Chess

Brief History: Originated in India around the 6th century (Chaturanga).

Started: Evolved over centuries; modern rules by 15th century.

How to Play: Strategic board game between two players.

No. of Players: 2.

Dimensions: 8x8 square board.

Required Items: Chessboard, pieces.

Key Players: Viswanathan Anand, Magnus Carlsen, Garry Kasparov.

🥋 Judo

Brief History: Developed in Japan by Jigoro Kano in 1882.

Started: 1882.

How to Play: Grappling-based martial art; throw or pin opponents.

No. of Players: 2.

Dimensions: 10m x 10m contest area.

Required Items: Judogi (uniform), mat.

Key Players: Tadahiro Nomura, Majlinda Kelmendi.

🤼 Kabaddi

Brief History: Ancient Indian game; popular in South Asia.

Started: Ancient era; recognized in 1938.

How to Play: One player raids opponent's court chanting "kabaddi", tags players, and returns safely.

No. of Players: 7 per team.

Dimensions: 13m x 10m court (men).

Required Items: None special; mat/court area.

Key Players: Anup Kumar, Pardeep Narwal.